Vaccines are among the most transformative and successful outcomes of modern medicine. For countries fortunate enough to have immunisation coverage, their value can also lower or avert health care costs, increase economic productivity and reduce poverty.
However, the cost of producing and distributing vaccines to lower income countries still limits their availability to much of the world’s population.
Despite recent improvements in global vaccine coverage, the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 21.8 million infants worldwide did not receive complete basic immunisations in 2013.
Of the 5.2 million deaths annually among children under the age of five, nearly one-third are preventable by vaccines.
Incomplete vaccine coverage results from a number of factors, including limited resources, poor health system management, competing health priorities, and inadequate monitoring. Beyond these factors, procuring manufactured vaccines at suitable costs is an essential requirement.
The partner institutions will work to develop the vaccine strains at costs of less than 15 cents per dose.
A substantial reduction in the cost to manufacture vaccines could help promote affordable, equitable, and sustainable immunisation on a global scale, while also enabling manufacturers to develop sustainable business models around such products.
To address this manufacturing challenge, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has awarded a $17.6 million Grand Challenge grant to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University College London (UCL) and Kansas University to pursue a research project to create a manufacturing platform for producing vaccines at less than 15 cents a dose.
The project, entitled “Ultra-low cost, Transferable Automated (ULTRA) Platform for Vaccine Manufacture,” aims to standardise the manufacturing development and production of new protein-based vaccines at globally affordable costs.
ULTRA
ULTRA seeks to reduce facility-related costs by combining a small physical footprint with reduced operational costs. This id enabled by an integrated automation of the manufacturing process, to minimise labor costs and failure rates.
At the heart is a focus on recombinant protein vaccines, which rely on purified elements of a bacteria or virus to elicit immunologic protection.
The manufacturing platform will accommodate chemistry, manufacturing and control development for a range of components for recombinant vaccines that target diseases like Hepatitis B, HIV, HPV (an extensible risk for cervical cancer), malaria, rotavirus, and future vaccine candidates.
The integrated production platform aims to produce and purify these proteins using a combination of engineered microbial cell factories and flexible approaches for purification to accommodate different vaccines and future candidates.
Such manufacturing models currently exist for some biopharmaceuticals like antibody-based therapies. Today, however, solutions to manufacturing are unique for each vaccine.
“In the same ways that industry today enjoys platform manufacturing for monoclonal antibodies, we envision a new platform for current and future recombinant vaccines,” said J. Christopher Love, an MIT associate professor of chemical engineering, a member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and lead investigator for the MIT team.
“ULTRA should ultimately empower both a broad discovery portfolio and streamlined commercial development.”
Collaboration
The collaboration among the academic institutions will highlight each of their strengths and expertise to develop the exciting and innovative platform.
The Love laboratory at MIT, for example, brings a wide range of experience in platform-based technology development, including ongoing work under the DARPA-funded Bio-MOD program, which aims to enable systems for manufacturing on-demand.
They are joined in the ULTRA effort by MIT professors Richard Braatz; Edward R. Gilliland, Department of Chemical Engineering; and Kripa Varanasi, associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering.
The three partner academic institutions will work in tandem to develop the vaccine strains, integrated manufacturing process, and economic models to ensure that ULTRA can achieve costs of less than 15 cents per dose.
If successful, this method will be tested at scale by an industrial partner who will generate clinical-grade material for a Phase 1 trial at the end of this five-year grant.
“It’s an honour to take on this important challenge with the support of this team of world-class academics,” said Love. “Together, we are committed to the global access of a powerful new approach for manufacturing low-cost vaccines.”