Pharmaceutical supply chains are under greater stress than at any point on record, with four converging risk factors driving drug shortages to a 20-year high, according to a new whitepaper from Moody's.
The report, Navigating Disruption in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains, identifies geopolitical and trade shocks, manufacturing fragility, cybersecurity vulnerabilities and counterfeit drugs as the primary forces destabilising supply chains.
It warns that while these risks are increasingly interconnected, many organisations continue to manage them in silos, which limits their capacity to respond before disruption materialises.