ESCMID’s EUCAST defining resistance in future antimicrobial agents
EUCAST’s unheralded but vital work is helping to ensure responsible use by defining common standards for antimicrobial resistance globally
The European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease (ESCMID) – an organisation that pursues science, explores risk assessment, knowledge sharing and best practices in the fight against infectious disease – is currently researching the new critical breakpoints for antimicrobial agents in clinical development through its European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST).
Having a common system to determine the defining and measuring of resistance is the ultimate goal of EUCAST and its members. Throughout Europe, 90% of countries are now following the EUCAST categorisation of bacteria as susceptible and resistant to new and existing antimicrobial agents – rising from around 20–30% in 2008. This is considered to be a great breakthrough in the effort to unify scientists and laboratories around the world in their assessment of the resistance situation.
It has created a snowball effect across the globe, with countries as far reaching as Australia, New Zealand and South Africa either already adhering to the EUCAST system or seriously contemplating adopting it in the near future.
Jointly funded by ESCMID and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), EUCAST has been entrusted by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for more than 10 years to determine the breakpoints for new antimicrobial agents.
Despite being little understood outside of specialist circles, EUCAST is now playing an integral role in defining antimicrobial resistance. The results of which are the essential scientific underpinnings to administer the correct dosage in all existing and future antimicrobial agents. An antimicrobial breakpoint is an agreed concentration to identify at what point the growth of bacterium is inhibited – the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which essentially defines at what dose each bacteria is considered to be susceptible or resistant to antimicrobial therapy. Breakpoints of new agents are absolutely vital in standardising a global definition of resistance and the point at which increased dosages are needed.
Gunnar Kahlmeter, Past President and Communications Officer for ESCMID and the Past Chairman of EUCAST, commented: ‘There are a great and increasing number of people and groups around the world trying to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance. This work is either aided by the fact that we unite behind one definition of antimicrobial resistance or our hampered by our inability to do so.’
‘Without a harmonised opinion on where to draw the line between which micro-organisms can be treated and which can not, we’re unable to efficiently measure the development of resistance and unable to measure the rate at which resistance develops. Furthermore, patients moving between countries will experience differences in opinions as to whether or not their infection can be treated or not. In creating unified values, breakpoints and definitions, it will defer people from inappropriate antibiotic use and encourage the right use of antibiotics along with the right dose when necessary. This is one of the most important tools in defending ourselves against antimicrobial resistance,’ he added.